In various parts of the country, instances of ethnic, religious, and social conflict have flared up from time to time, often rendering those areas virtually ungovernable by the central authorities, and acts of violence against religious minorities have increased.Īt the time of partition in 1947, as many as 10 million Muslim refugees fled their homes in India and sought refuge in Pakistan-about 8 million in West Pakistan. In addition, parts of northern Pakistan-particularly the areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa formerly designated as Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA)-have become a haven for members of several militant Islamist groups, including the Taliban of neighbouring Afghanistan since the 2001 U.S. Established as a parliamentary democracy that espoused secular ideas, the country has experienced repeated military coups, and religion-that is to say, adherence to the values of Sunni Islam-has increasingly become a standard by which political leaders are measured. Yet, politically and culturally, Pakistan has struggled to define itself. Along the Indus River, the artery of the country, the ancient site of Mohenjo-daro marks one of the cradles of civilization. Lofty peaks such as K2 and Nanga Parbat, in the Pakistani-administered region of Kashmir, present a challenging lure to mountain climbers. It contains a section of the ancient Silk Road and the Khyber Pass, the famous passageway that has brought outside influences into the otherwise isolated subcontinent.
Pakistan encompasses a rich diversity of landscapes, starting in the northwest, from the soaring Pamirs and the Karakoram Range through a maze of mountain ranges, a complex of valleys, and inhospitable plateaus, down to the remarkably even surface of the fertile Indus River plain, which drains southward into the Arabian Sea.
IRANI CURRENCY RATES IN PAKISTAN HOW TO
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